Thursday, October 31, 2019

Quality management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Quality management - Essay Example In its quality management system, there is a continuous effort on improvement most probably on certain issues that concern about the customers and their interest about the quality of the actual products. As a result, Toyota invariably employs the move to study about its customers’ needs and the right thing to do in order to ensure market acceptance of its product offerings. In this entire process, quality management system cannot just be simply overlooked. Quality management ensures trust and reliability in offered products and services and even a potential market share for them. On the other hand, Volvo stresses out safety as its way of differentiating its product offerings. It has to do this as this is its main source of strength for its competitive advantage. The concern about safety on the other hand is another significant issue involving quality management especially on continuous quality improvement. Safety is such a broad concern but its bottom line especially in the case of Volvo is to strengthen the quality of its product offerings. Ensuring safety on its products requires continuous monitoring on the production and even from the acquisition of raw materials. Thus in the case of Volvo, there is a guaranteed quality assurance in whatever it does in order to deliver offerings with impeccable standard for safety. In other words, quality management ensures consistency in whatever an organization simply wants to achieve. BMW focuses on performance, which is another organizational concern associated with quality management system. In order to stay consistently in the market, BMW requires testing and monitoring the kind of performance its product and service offerings provide to its customers. In other words, along with the top of its priority is to provide a high value for customers. However, the bottom line of this goal is the continuous monitoring and implementation of the

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

How to Correct Bow Legs Essay Example for Free

How to Correct Bow Legs Essay Virasana Variation Virasana, or hero pose, is effective in treating flat feet and knock knees. This variation will help those with knock knees. Start by standing on your knees, then sitting down on your heels. Place a yoga block between the heels and sit on it. Make sure the knees are pointing straight forward and not touching each other. Hold for 20 to 60 seconds. Block Between the Thighs While standing, place a yoga block between the thighs as close to the pelvis as possible. Bring the feet as close together as possible and relax the inner thighs. Hold the pose for up to three minutes. This pose positions the legs in the opposite position of knock knees, bow-legged, which makes it therapeutic in correcting the original condition. Warrior 2 Pose Against a Wall Warrior 2 pose can help strengthen the knees if performed with proper alignment. Perform this pose against a wall or with the guidance of an experienced teacher to ensure proper alignment. In a standing position, bring the legs 4 feet apart and stretch the arms out to the side. Turn the right toes to the right and deeply bend the right knee. Activate the arches and keep the right knee touching the wall. Hold for 30 seconds and repeat on the other side. Downward-Facing Dog Pose with Block To perform this variation of downward facing dog pose, you will need a yoga block. While standing, place the block between the thighs and position the feet hip-width distance apart. Lower the hands to the ground and form the body into a V-shape. Hold for 30 to 60 seconds.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Uses and Applications of Acid and Bases

Uses and Applications of Acid and Bases Rami Saadat Acid and bases in our life Acid and bases are very important in our everyday activity. Almost every liquid you find is acid or bases but it is not just liquid you can find it almost everywhere. Both are used in our usual activity especially in our body. They have a variety of uses like in medicine, food, cleaning, fertilization, industry and as I mentioned before they are used in our body so it allow it to function properly. Acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in water solution. (1) The ability to produce theses ions give acid their unique property that they have. (1) It is also a substance that have a PH less than 7 when it is seven that mean it is neutral .(2) A PH scale is a scale that show acidic or basic a solution is. (2) .The more a substance is acidic then that means the lower its PH is. (2) for example we have lemon juice that have citric acid and ascorbic acid which is vitamin C, lemon have a PH of two which mean it is acidic. (2) There is an organic substance that is called indicator that changes color when it touches an acid or a base. (1) An example of this organic substance is blue litmus paper that turns red in acid. (1) There are many types of acids like hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. (3) When some acid is intact with metal it sometimes react strongly which eat it away as metallic compound and hydrogen gas form, acids also donate H+ and its solution can transfer/move electricity. (1) Also is have a sour taste and when it react with base it give us salt and water. (1) Give sharp stinging pain when put on a cut or wound. (4) Bases are a substance that produces hydroxide ions when it dissolves in water. (1) It is considered any substance that accepts (H+) from acids. (1) When acids donate H+ the one to take them is bases in other world both are complement to each other. (1) Of course that is not all; bases have a lot of property. For example it feel slippery this feeling is caused because when it touch your skin it to dissolve a little bit, taste bitter, react with oils and greases, and it is frequently solids.(5) When the PH is above seven that mean that it is a base.(5) It also cause red litmus indicator to turn blue and its solution can transfer electricity. (6)There are a lot of types of bases like aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonia, etc. (1) As you know in the blood you have acid and bases and there are mechanisms in our body that control the balance between acid and bases. (7) The one in charge in controlling the blood PH are the lungs and the kidney. (7) The lungs can increase the blood PH by releasing higher amount of carbon dioxide than usually. (7) As you know carbon dioxide is mildly acidic which cause the acidity of the blood to increase in the lungs the things that affect the increase of PH in blood are depth and speed of breathing.(7) We also have the kidney that helps control the acids and bases by regulating their release but it take more time for it to regulate the PH than the lungs because it release bases and acid in minute amount. (7) In out body there is a place where you can find acid (HCl) which is found in the stomach. There is also the Buffer system that contain weak bases and the weak acids that form naturally in the body but once the balance is broke and incline toward one of them, the weaker one st art to excreting correspondingly and as a result of that it become balanced again there are two things that help the buffer system which are carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions. (7) Acid and bases can be found also at our houses. They can be found in food, cleaning fluid, etc. At home they are of a great use in mostly cleaning and food. In case of food we have these which are acids: vinegar, soda, beer, lemons, grapefruits, tomatoes, etc. (8) anything from a citric fruit contains citric acid which is weak, the vinegar contains acetic acid which is strong, in soda it contain carbonic acid which is weak. We also have batteries that contain sulfuric acid. (9) In case of household bases we have antacids, milk of magnesia, ammonia, drain openers, baking soda, soap, oven cleaners and detergents. (9) Baking soda contains sodium hydrogen carbonate which is base, ammonia (NH3) is found in some cleaners, soap have potassium hydroxide, oven cleaners contain sodium hydroxide. (7) We can also find acid and bases in agriculture which is used to grow plant. The effect of acid and base on plants varies, depending on the concentration they may improve the plant health or damage it. (7) Both of them have been used for centuries as fertilizer to give the plants nutrients they needed to grow. (7) You need a proper PH level for plans to grow and to ensure its health. (7) With and imbalanced level of PH the plant can become sick, refuse to grow and can die. (7) Some soils already contain a specific amount of acid and bases but that depend of where you live and with this you can determine what type of plant to grow and suited for this area and what are not.(7) in the case of fertilizers they are rated by their acidity or basicity. (7) Some contain a lot and some contain a little so you have to be careful with which one you use in your plant because some are very strong that they cause an unbalance and raise the PH of the plant and that may cause it to die, stop growing , etc. (7) there is Hydrangea which is one of the flowers that show different colors, and that depend on the acidity of the soil that it grow in. (6) If the top part is blue that mean it was planted in a slightly acidic soil and if the bottom part is pink that mean it was planted in more based soil. (6) What I want to say that the acidity and the basic of the soil I very important in the grow of plants and before planting you have to see if the soil have a balanced PH or not. Acid and bases can be also use in medicine to avoid getting your body pH-high. if in our body the PH level change it will damage us a lot because it will it affects our cell production and reproduction. (10) The PH level have to be balanced because if not the digestion won’t work properly in our stomachs.(10) if doesn’t go back to normal it will cause harm to our body.(10) To avoid having your PH level high you must avoid food that have acids in them. (10) If you have too much acid your organs your organs will stop neutralizing acid and then you need a doctor because if the PH level go over the normal level it can be very dangerous. (10) There are a lot of different disease that shut your neutralization like for example we have Heartburn which is a disease where the PH of your stomach acid decreases from its average level of PH which is 2, if you have this disease you will need medicine against the decrease of PH and the medicine which you take to cure you are produ ced from bases which can return the level of PH to its normal state which is 2. (10) If in the other hand you have an increase in the level of PH of acidity in your stomach you have to take a medicine like magnesium hydroxide to lower the level of PH to it normal state. Both acids and bases are also used in industries. Acid is often used to clean and remove rust in a process called pickling. (9) They use sulfuric acid as and electrolyte in wet cells battery for the car battery.(9) strong acids especially sulfuric acid is used in mineral processing for example we have phosphate mineral that react with sulfuric acid and produce phosphoric acid that can be used as phosphates fertilizers. (9) In chemical industries acids react in neutralization reaction that are used to produce salt for example we have nitric acid that react with ammonium and that produce ammonium nitrate which is salt. (9) Acids are added to food and to drinks to alter their taste and it serve as preservative for example we have phosphoric acid which is used as a component of cola drinks. (9) now we have bases that are used a lot in industries after all acids and bases are complement of each other. Bases are used to make soaps, also fertilizers, some others are used as explosive l ike in mining works, also it is used to make paper which is very important and an important resource in the removal of grease and they are needed for neutralizing acids they are needed. (9) Although there were big evolution in the chemical industry in the use of acid, bases, and other substance but these industry polluted the world to an unimaginable level they polluted the sea, lakes, the air, etc. it also caused a lot of diseases and the release of pollutant into the atmosphere caused acid rain which will destroy vegetation and will kill off fishes because it lower the level of PH in the water and that caused the fish to die. After doing this essay I learned a lot about acid and bases and their use in our daily life. Work cited http://www.industrialrecyclers.com/chemical-types/acids-and-bases.html http://www.ehow.com/facts_7228126_industrial-uses-acids-bases.html http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091018230435AAPbUVw http://www.pearsonhighered.com/hillkolb13einfo/assets/pdf/hill-kolb-ch07.pdf http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Does_a_base_or_acid_taste_sweet https://sites.google.com/site/dachemproject/uses-of-acids-and-bases-in-today-s-society/uses-of-acids-and-bases-in-modern-day-medicine http://www.scienceclarified.com/A-Al/Acids-and-Bases.html http://ph.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100223020653AAEKPRW http://www.vernier.com/experiments/awv/2/acids_and_bases/ http://www.ehow.com/facts_6067063_do-bases-affect-green-plants_.html http://www.squidoo.com/household-acids-bases http://www.ehow.com/facts_6370805_common-household-acids-bases_.html http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/180acidsbases.html http://fc.gedsb.net/~michael.antonowicz/FOV1-0012B568/FOV1-0012B56E/Chapter%205.pdf?FCItemID=S04DD852DPlugin=Loft http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090526032714AAUa3hP http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090831174939AA0I3j6 http://www.ehow.com/list_6824504_uses-acids-bases.html https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases/acids-and-bases-1/nature-acids-and-bases/ http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/180acidsbases.html http://www.ehow.com/about_6196553_acid-base-balance-body.html http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090525030618AAFf5kj http://www.ehow.com/list_6930749_acids-bases-found-homes.html#page=1 http://www.ehow.com/facts_5784621_household-acids-bases_.html http://www.factmonster.com/cig/chemistry/what-acids-bases.html http://www.syvum.com/cgi/online/serve.cgi/squizzes/chem/acids_bases_salts.html http://misterguch.brinkster.net/acidtutorial.html http://www.ehow.com/facts_5784621_household-acids-bases_.html Taken from text 5) Taken from brinkster 9) Taken from answer.yahoo Taken from gedsbgedsb 6) Taken from pearsonhighered 10) Taken from sites.google.site Taken from factmonster 7) Taken from ehow Taken from Elmhurst 8) Taken from suidoo

Friday, October 25, 2019

Convention and Realism in Henry James’ Washington Square Essay

Convention and Realism in Henry James’ Washington Square Realism, as described by William Dean Howells in the late nineteenth century, replaces the high art and style of the literature of the preceding decades by permitting such characters as Howells' Silas Lapham to have a distinct place in the pantheon of American literary characters. Fervently, Howells invoked the "truth" of the realist genre, writing, "ŒLet it portray men and women as they are, actuated by the motives and the passions in the measure we all know...let it speak the dialect, the language, that most Americans know - the language of unaffected people everywhere'" (Fictions of the Real, 188). This impassioned phrase, apparently invoking the importance of characters such as Silas Lapham, indicates the emergence of a gritty language, an "unaffected" dialect. Such a marker for realism connotes not the stories of Howell or James, but rather the coarse, common language of the masses as found in the pages of Twain's Huckleberry Finn. Howells' call for realism encompasses such literary giants as Henry James, but does not necessarily describe them. Both Howells and James, though utterly invested in "the motives and passions" of the human race, still rely and stylistic and social conventions in their novels. James, most especially, combines high art and society with a new conception of realism - one that removes the mask from the self-proclaimed moralism of the upper classes and demonstrates their hopes and failures in the very light of truth-telling fiction. While Howells' realism was "romantic" in that he permitted "respectability to censor his observations and insights" (Trachtenberg, 191) and allowed his characters to fall into the miasma of what he believed to ... ...mes, 39). James, rather than resorting to the later bitter, gritty realist tactics of Drieser, stays enmeshed in the conventions of society while experimenting with realist conceptions of character. Though the novel caters to the "good taste of the gentlefolk" (Trachtenberg, 182) through its nod to societal norms and customs, James' characters, most especially Catherine Sloper, indicate the emergence of a new reality of "an authentic and original being" (Bell, 38) - a being of lost hopes with the ragged edges of "truth uncompromisingly told." Works Cited Millicent Bell, "Style as Subject Washington Square," in Sewanee Review (vol. 83, 1985). Henry James, Washington Square (London: Penguin Classics, 1986). Alan Trachtenberg, "Fictions of the Real," in The Incorporation of America: Culture & Society in the Gilded Age (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982).

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Awareness on the Effects of Malnutrition

The primary purpose of making the children conscious about nutrition is to provide conditions for and to promote the continuous growth of the individual in all areas of living, with a view of achieving and maintaining the democratic way of life. There must be a relationship between food and the health of the individual, which tends to influence the health of the society in which he lives in. It has been said that nutrition is a science concerned with the movements of atoms in man to the movements of man in society. Because of the tremendous population explosion the supply of food for all people of the world is indeed becoming more critical every year. As a nutrition educator, we have that moral obligation to help the nutrition of every individual; for improved nutrition is one factor involved in paving the way towards peace among men. The nutritional status of our communities is a reflection of our individual nutritional health. Perhaps the most significant factor affecting the nutritional status of communities is economics. Having sufficient funds to purchase adequate food supplies is a necessity. Malnutrition is one of the major problems that our country is facing. This problem can’t be set aside. This won’t choose any victim. It may affect adults but mostly, it affects the youth. Through this thesis, the writer may acquire knowledge about the problem, its effects to mankind and some of the factors that will lead to such a problem. Being a practitioner to be, I cannot afford to see mankind suffering from malnutrition because of lack of knowledge about proper nutrition and the lack of resources especially the youth. Because for me, I consider the children as the hope of our country. How can there be hope if they are destroyed by ignorance about proper nutrition resulting to malnutrition? Therefore, I choose this topic for my research because I want to know the condition of those children; on how conscious they are regarding proper nutrition on their selves to possibly eliminate malnutrition. I want to share my little knowledge about proper nutrition to the children and how to improve their health status by educating them through discussions. Because hrough this, I can be aware of the health status of the children in the area. This research will also serve as an awakening bomb to the government and health officials and that should not be rejected. In our country, Malnutrition is a major problem. But according to the latest National Nutrition Surveys, there has been a general improvement between 2003-2008 in the country’s overall nutrition situation, affecting various population groups, as evidenced specifically by reductions in underweight and stunting among 0-5 and 6-10 years old children. Most of the Filipinos nowadays are3 aware of their health but only a few are applying proper nutrition on the daily living. Theoretical Background of the Study Malnutrition is a state that adversely affects growth and development of body functions as a result of either an inadequate or overabundant supply of kilocalories or nutrients to the body tissue. According to Walter Falcon, head of the Food Research Institute of Stanford University(1984:577), â€Å" It might focus more attention on Africa where the most serious hunger exists rather than on southeast Asia. But if only 100 million individuals are clinically malnourished; there probably another 200 million to 400 million that go hungry part of the time. If they’re not in the hospital, they’re not doing too well† According to Mary Alice Caliendo(1984:526)† Malnutrition and nutritional deprivation are basically problems of poverty of unequal and inequitable income distribution not only among individuals but among countries. Malnutrition won’t disappear by simply producing more food or by raising the overall economic levels of poor nations. According to Eleanor R. Williams(1984:513) â€Å"Human brains do not live by bread alone† Malnutrition causes children to become listless and pathetic. According to Thomas Polemar, an agricultural economist(1984:515) â€Å"The number of people estimated to be suffering from malnutrition ranges from 400 million to two thirds of the world population†. In his view, food production in developing countries tends to be understand because taxation is often based on production and because so much backyard production is locally consumed and never counted. On the other hand, other authorities insist that much hunger especially in remote rural areas is inadequately reported. Larry Minear of the Interreligious Task Force on United States Policy told an interviewer recently that, â€Å"Malnutrition is understated because there a lot of people who don’t show up in the planning nets either because the census are bad or because they are not in the market economy and their inability to purchase food isn’t measured. If enough food is to be produced to feed the world, a number of resources such as land, water, energy, fertilizer and technology must be available and widely used. According to Margaret Newman,(www. googlesearch. com), â€Å"the theory of health as expanding consciousness was stimulated by concern for those for whom health as the absence of disease or disability is not possible†. The theory has progressed to include the health of all persons regardless of their health status. The theory asserts that every person in every situation, no matter show disordered and hopeless it may seem, is part of the universal process of expanding consciousness. A process of becoming more oneself, finds greater meaning in life, and of reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other people and world. The theory of health as expanding consciousness stems from Roger’s theory of unitary human beings. Rogers’ assumptions regarding patterning of persons in interaction with the environment are basic to the view that consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person to environment interaction. Consciousness is defined as the informational capacity of the system(in this case, the human being); that is, the ability of the system to interact with the environment. Consciousness includes not only the cognitive and affective awarenessnormannly associated with consciousness, but also the interconnectedness of the entire living system, which includes physiochemical maintenance and growth processes as well as the immune system. This patter of information, which is the consciousness of the system, ios part of a larger undivided pattern of an expanding universe. , Rogers’ insistence that health and illness are simply manifestations of the rhythmic fluctuations of the life process is the foundation for viewing health and illness as a unitary process moving through variations in order – disorder. ’ According to Joyce Fitzpatrick,(www. googlesearch. com) â€Å"The primary purpose of nursing is the promotions and maintenance of an optimal level of wellness†. the professional nurse participates in a multi-disciplinary approach to health in assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating programs in regards to how they affect optimum wellness. When assessing health care needs the professional nurse incorporates the physical, psychological, emotional, social, environmental and spiritual aspects of the profession into her daily routine. Person-the tem integrates the concepts of both self and others and recognizes individuals as having unique biological, psychological, emotional, social, cultural and spiritual attitudes. They thrive on honor and dignity, self-evaluation and growth and development. Throughout a person’s life, many factors develop within a social setting and interact with a multitude of environments that can significantly influence that person’s health bad wellness. Health – is a dynamic state of being that results from the interaction of person and the environment. Optimum health is the actualization of both innate and obtained human potential gleaned from rewarding relationships with other, goal directed behaviors and expertise. Wellness-Illness- is rooted in the promotion of wellness practices, the attentive treatment of those who are acutely or chronically ill or dying, and restorative care or people during convalescence. Metaparadigm – derived from and related to the basic metaparadigm concepts of person, environment, health and nursing. while much of the research in nursing has been focused on assisting individuals in their life transitions, whether through phases of growth and development, or experiences with health and illness, the conceptualizations of the nursing profession as focused on transitions has not been adequately researched.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Ultimate Guide to Pre-Law 13 Tips to Prepare for Law School

Ultimate Guide to Pre-Law 13 Tips to Prepare for Law School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you want to be a lawyer? In the United States, you need to graduate from a 4-year college and then go to law school if you want to practice law. What is the best way to prepare for law school? What should you be doing in your undergraduate years to make yourself the most competitive applicant? In this article, I'll tell you about the best pre-law majors and explain what you need to do to get into the law school of your dreams. What Does Pre-Law Mean? The term â€Å"pre-law† refers to any course of study by an undergraduate college student to prepare for law school. A few colleges have a specific pre-law major for those students who intend to go to law school, but you can major in any subject and still enter law school, as long as you successfully complete college and get a bachelor’s degree. There are no specific courses you have to take to be admitted to law school. Therefore, pre-law is much different than pre-med, because medical schools require students to complete a number of prerequisites during their undergraduate education to be admitted to medical school. However, there are other requirements to getting into law school, like taking the LSAT, that we'll discuss later in this article. Should You Major in Pre-Law? Overall, we don't recommend that anyone major in pre-law, even if you're certain you want to be a lawyer. While you may think you should definitely pick a legal major if you want to go to law school, there are significant drawbacks of majoring in pre-law. Pre-Law Isn’t Viewed as a Challenging Major Law schools, like top colleges, want to admit students who have been able to excel in challenging courses and difficult subjects, and pre-law isn’t considered a difficult major. While your GPA is a critical component of your law school applications, a 4.0 in mechanical engineering is more impressive to a law school than a 4.0 in pre-law. Law schools tend to think it's not as challenging to get good grades in pre-law than in most other majors. Similar majors like legal studies and criminal justice are considered easier majors, too. However, if you’re able to get excellent grades and a high LSAT score, you can still demonstrate your competence as a pre-law major. Furthermore, you can show you're challenging yourself more as a pre-law major by writing a thesis or taking on additional academic research. Law schools don't want you to take the easiest path. Most Top Colleges Don’t Have a Pre-Law Major Even if you have your heart set on majoring in pre-law, very, very few colleges offer it as a major. Additionally, most of the schools that do offer it aren't ranked very high among national colleges and universities. This ties back to our first point, that pre-law just isn't seen as a great major to have. Most colleges emphasize traditional academic subjects and don’t offer many pre-professional majors like pre-law. They stress scholarship over job preparation, so most choose not to offer pre-law as a major. Law Schools Want to Admit Well-Rounded Classes Law schools strive to admit students from a variety of backgrounds and majors. Believe it or not, math and science majors tend to have extremely high admission rates to law school. Partially, this could be because those students who would choose to major in math or science and opt to go to law school are more academically gifted than the typical law school applicant. But it's also because these types of applicants are much rarer. For example, since there aren’t many STEM majors who choose to go to law school, it can be a huge advantage to apply to law school with a STEM degree. Knowledge in almost any subject can be helpful in the legal profession because there are so many different types of lawyers. If you’re extremely well-versed in ecology, law schools may view you as a potentially great environmental lawyer. If you’re an expert in chemistry, you might make an exceptional lawyer for a drug company. On the other hand, majoring in pre-law won’t help you stick out as an applicant, and it’s not as difficult for law schools to find applicants who majored in pre-law. You can study science and become a lawyer. Benefits of Pre-Law Majors Nonetheless, if you feel strongly that you want to major in pre-law, these programs do offer some potential benefits. Many students enter law school after graduating college because they’re unsure of what they want to do, and they’re just trying to delay joining the "real world." Law schools would rather admit students who have a genuine interest in the justice system, because these students are more likely to have a positive impact in the field of law in the future. By majoring in pre-law, you’re demonstrating that you’ve been committed to becoming a lawyer for years. A good pre-law program should also give you an advantage when you enter law school. For example, law schools generally teach by using the Socratic Method, a style of teaching in which the professor asks questions and you learn through classroom discussion. If you become used to this style of teaching during your undergraduate years, you may be better prepared for law school. Additionally, if you’re more knowledgeable about the legal system and how to analyze legal cases prior to law school, you may have a leg up on your peers when law school commences. Finally, many pre-law programs claim that the skills that pre-law students hone and acquire in their classes help them do better on the Legal Studies Aptitude Test, or LSAT, the entrance exam for law school. A higher LSAT score will undoubtedly increase the likelihood that you’ll gain admission to the law school of your choice. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. What Are the Best Pre-Law Majors? If pre-law itself isn’t a great major, then what is the best major for you if you want to go law school? Well, the short answer is that your major doesn’t have much of an impact on whether or not you gain admission to law school. You’ll give yourself the best chance of getting into the law school of your choice by majoring in a subject you really enjoy. If you like what you’re studying, you’ll get better grades. If you’re trying to decide a major that will best prepare you for law school, then you may want to choose a major that stresses logic, analytical skills, reading comprehension, and writing skills. These are all attributes you need to do well on the LSAT and in law school. Popular pre-law majors that are great preparation for law school include philosophy/classics, economics, political science, history, English, and engineering. What Are the Most Popular Majors of Law School Applicants? Knowing what other law school applicants are majoring in can also help you make your decision. Below is a chart with the ten most popular majors for law school applicants, along with number of applicants, the average LSAT score for that major, and the percentage of applicants admitted to at least one law school. This data comes from the LSAC and is from law school applicants in 2017 and 2018. To help put the LSAT information into context, the LSAT is scored on a scale from 120-180. The average score is about 150. The median score for top 25 law schools is over 160, and for top 10 law schools, it’s over 170. Major Number of Applicants Average LSAT Score % of Applicants Admitted Political Science 11,947 153.6 80% OTHER 4,537 148.4 64% Psychology 3,736 152.5 77% Criminal Justice 3,629 145.9 62% English 3,151 154.8 81% History 3,138 156.3 85% Economics 2,757 159.0 86% Philosophy 2,238 157.2 83% Arts and Humanities 1,947 154.0 77% Sociology 1,870 150.6 71% As you can see, political science is by far the most popular major for law school applicants, however; if you look at the complete data, you'll see that political science majors make up only about one-fifth of all law school applicants, which shows there's a wide distribution in the number of majors that law school applicants have. Economics majors have the highest average LSAT score, as well as the highest acceptance rate into law school. For those interested, there were 660 applicants who majored in pre-law, and they had an average LSAT score of 148 and an acceptance rate of 65%. What Are the Best Pre-Law Schools? It’s incredibly difficult to rank the best colleges for those who wish to go to law school. Generally, you’ll be best prepared for law school by excelling in challenging undergraduate courses that strengthen your analytical skills. Also, at the risk of sounding like a broken record, if your concern is getting into law school, your GPA and LSAT score are the most important factors. However, if two applicants have very similar credentials, the law school may give the nod to the student who attended the more prestigious college. So you should probably be aware of college rankings. For the most part, the aspiring law school student should choose a college the same way the typical college student does. Consider things like selectivity, cost, location, size, and the campus culture. Additionally, you should research the available resources for students who want to go to law school at the colleges you’re considering. Even if a school doesn’t have a pre-law degree, it may offer pre-law advising for those who wish to pursue a legal education. Also, there may be pre-law clubs that offer support, programming, and internship opportunities for pre-law students. You can get into a top law school after graduating from any college. 5 Tips for Preparing for Law School in College All pre-law students should follow this advice. #1: Get Good Grades I keep stressing the importance of a good college GPA because your undergraduate GPA is extremely important to law schools. While many college students have a few semesters when they slack off or settle for mediocrity, you need to maintain a high GPA throughout your undergraduate years. #2: Study Sufficiently for the LSAT The law school admission exam has a reputation for being very challenging. If you know you want to go to law school, give yourself ample time to prepare for the test. Familiarize yourself with the content and format. Do tons of realistic practice problems and questions from actual LSATs. Determine your content weaknesses, and then do enough studying and practice problems to improve your weaknesses. Take at least a few practice LSATs simulating testing conditions to improve your test endurance, work on your time management, and see how close you are to your target score. You can use prep books or classes to help you in your preparation. However, before you purchase any book or sign up for a class, do your research to ensure you're using a high quality book or taking a good class that will adequately prepare you for the exam. There are many subpar prep books and classes out there. #3: Take Classes That Will Help You in Law School Preparing for law school in college doesn’t mean that you should take classes about the legal system. Law schools would rather you take challenging courses that will help you improve your analytical skills and reading comprehension. If you’re a science major, you may want to take English courses so you can practice doing a ton of reading, writing, and analyzing language. If you’re a humanities major, you may want to take economics classes to improve your logic and problem-solving skills. #4: Build Relationships With Professors Law schools will also require letters of recommendation from your professors. Building relationships with your professors will enable you to get better recommendations when you apply to law school. Additionally, your professors can provide mentorship and help you hone your academic skills. #5: Participate in Extracurricular Activities Undoubtedly, you should be doing activities outside of school. You can participate in internships, jobs, or student organizations related to your interests. Law schools do like to see that you’ve shown commitment to and achievement in your extracurricular activities. Some examples of good extracurricular activities include community service, student government, and working for student publications. On your law school applications, you'll have to indicate when you began your extracurriculars and how many hours per week you spend on each activity. It's better to do fewer activities and commit more to them. Furthermore, extracurricular activities can facilitate your personal development and give you a better idea of what you want to do in the future. If you know you want to be a lawyer, your extracurricular activities can help you decide what type of law you want to practice. What's Next? Do you want more information about what you need to do to become a lawyer? Check out our article on how to become a lawyer. Working as part of the judicial system has its perks, but you don't get it all your own way. Find out how the executive branch checks the judicial branch (in the U.S.) here. Are you a high school student? Learn about the college application process so you can get into a great college. Also, learn how to plan for college in 11th, 10th, and 9th grade. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: